Formation of financial literacy of primary school students based on digital content

Abstract

The article explores the formation of financial literacy among primary school students through digital content, emphasizing its importance in addressing global socio-economic challenges such as debt dependency and low economic awareness. The authors argue that early financial education forms the foundation of responsible economic culture and civic maturity.

The study draws upon Kazakhstan’s national policies (“Concept for Improving Financial Literacy 2020–2025,” “Concept for Digital Transformation 2023–2029”) and international recommendations from the OECD. Using surveys, pedagogical analysis, and comparative methods, the research involved 172 primary school teachers in the Kostanay region. Results revealed a lack of digital learning materials and specific educational programs for financial literacy development.

In response, the authors designed an elective university course titled “Formation of Financial Literacy of Primary School Students,” incorporating digital textbooks, teacher guides, and multimedia assignments. The article highlights three structural components of financial literacy: Cognitive – knowledge of financial principles; Activity-based – practical skills in budgeting, saving, and spending; Value-motivational – responsibility, independence, and ethical behavior.

The research concludes that digital educational content — including interactive games, videos, AR storybooks, and online platforms — significantly enhances students’ engagement and financial competence. The study’s novelty lies in the creation of a theoretically grounded, methodologically coherent digital model for financial literacy formation in primary education, promoting the integration of digital pedagogy and financial education for sustainable learning outcomes.